Abstract: -
In the modern era, the vehicles are focused to be automated to give human driver relaxed driving. In the field of automobile various aspects has been considered which makes vehicle automated. In this paper, considering the different features and the cost, on a small scale a three-wheel vehicular robotic prototype has been designed that will follow the lane and avoid obstacles. Autonomous cars are a developing technology which may prove to be the next big evolution in personal transportation. This report begins by describing the landscape and key players in the self-driving car market. Current capabilities, as well as limitation and opportunities of key enabling technologies, are reviewed, along with a discussion on the impact of such advances on society and the environment. Most impact, including reduced traffic and parking congestion, independent mobility for poor people, increased safety, and energy conservation and pollution reductions will only be significant when autonomous vehicles become common and affordable to common people. Raspberry Pi is the central processor of our Autonomous car. Various images are captured by the camera module, on this images various Image processing techniques are used to achieve Artificial Intelligence
INTRODUCTION
Automated vehicles are technological development in the field of automobiles. Now days, due to inconvenience of public transportation peoples are using their private vehicles. Due to such a large number of vehicles, the traffic problem has been occurred . To resolve this traffic problem, traffic rules are designed. But disobey of such traffic rules causes accidents. And maximum accidents will be occurred due to human error. To reduce these accidents and to improve safety transportation we require Autonomous Vehicle. Autonomous drive technology is one of the most important in novation in the automative industry. If we will able to implement this technology and have total control over it, then it can result in large benefits for both individuals & society. Members of IEEE predicts that in 2040, Autonomous cars will consist of up to 75% of the cars on the roads. Tens of millions of people have lost their lives or have become disabled worldwide in the last 10 years as a consequence of traffic accidents, the purpose of this project is to create a safe self-driving car that could help millions of people each year. Almost all the traffic accidents are caused by human mistakes. Unfortunately, according to statistic, in the next 10 years the number of lives lost each year will likely be doubled. To avoid such problems we are moving towards Autonomous Car.
. To resolve this traffic problem, traffic rules are designed. But disobey of such traffic rules causes accidents. And maximum accidents will be occurred due to human error. To reduce these accidents and to improve safety transportation we require Autonomous Vehicle. Autonomous drive technology is one of the most important in novation in the automative industry. If we will able to implement this technology and have total control over it, then it can result in large benefits for both individuals & society. Members of IEEE predicts that in 2040, Autonomous cars will consist of up to 75% of the cars on the roads. Tens of millions of people have lost their lives or have become disabled worldwide in the last 10 years as a consequence of traffic accidents, the purpose of this project is to create a safe self-driving car that could help millions of people each year. Almost all the traffic accidents are caused by human mistakes. Unfortunately, according to statistic, in the next 10 years the number of lives lost each year will likely be doubled. To avoid such problems we are moving towards Autonomous Car.
METHODOLOGY
Block diagram Here is simple block diagram of prototype of autonomous car which describe the actual structure of project and command flow between the various sub-systems. As shown in figure, there are two sub-system. That are Image processing sub-system and obstacle detection sub-system. Camera attached to image processing sub-system which capture the image and provide system. System extracts the data from the image and generates the command about turn. Mainly image processing is used here to detect the road lane. Generated commands are forward to obstacle detection subsystem. Obstacle detection sub-system is detect the obstacle in front of car and also calculate the distance between the obstacle and the car. And if sufficient distance is available to move car forward the command from Raspberry pi is forwarded to motor driver else this command are rejected
Software Description
Raspbian OS:-
Of all the operating systems Arch, Risc OS, Plan 9 or Raspbian available for Raspberry Pi, Raspbian comes out on top as being the most user-friendly, best-looking, has the best range of default software’s and optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware. Raspbian is a free operating system based on Debian (LINUX), which is available for free from the Raspberry Pi website.
Python:-
Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language. Its syntax allows the programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code when compared with other languages like C, C++or java. GPIO Python Library:- The RPi.GPIO Python library allows you to easily configure and read-write the input/output pins on the Pi’s GPIO header within a Python script. This package is not shipped along with Raspbian.
OPEN CV:-
It (Open Source Computer Vision) is a library of programming functions mainly aimed at real-time computer vision. It has over 2500optimized algorithms, including both a set of classical algorithms and the state of the art algorithms in Computer Vision, which can be used for image processing, detection and face recognition, object identification, classification actions, traces, and other functions. This library allows these features be implemented on computers with relative ease, provide a simple computer vision infrastructure to prototype quickly sophisticated application. The library is used extensively by companies like Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Intel, IBM, Sony, Honda, Toyota, and startups area as Applied Minds, Video Surf . It is also used by many research groups and government . It is based on C++ but wrappers are available in python as well. In our project is used to detect the roads and guide the car on unknown roads .
A. Image processing sub-system result It is important to detect the LANE from the image of road. And check their position in the form of pixel co-ordinates for the decision of turn. Following picture shows the image captured by the camera.
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