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Blind Spectacles
Blind Spectacles

AIM:

This paper presents an electronic navigation system for visually impaired and blind people (subject). This system understands obstacles around the subject up to 500 cm in front, left and right direction using a network of ultrasonic sensors. It effectively calculates distance of the detected object from the subject and prepares navigation path accordingly avoiding obstacles. It uses speech feedback to aware the subject about the detected obstacle and its distance. This proposed system uses Arduino microcontroller based embedded system to process real time data collected using ultrasonic sensor network. Based on direction and distance of detected obstacle. When Obstacle Detected the Vibrator will turn on.

                                      

INTRODUCTION:

Blindness, low vision, visual impairment, and vision loss have dramatic impacts on individuals experiencing such disabilities. These carry with them physiological, psychological, social, and economic outcomes; hence, impacting the quality of life and depriving such individuals from performing many of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL), the most crucial of which is navigation and mobility. Mobility is “the ability to travel safely, comfortably, gracefully and independently through the environment”, as defined by Foulke. Before delving into the subject matter of this study, it is imperative to introduce the proper definitions and uses of terminology associated with blindness as set by visual standards. In 2002, the International Council of Ophthalmology introduced to the World Vision Community the terms blindness, low vision, visual impairment, functional vision, and vision loss so as to alleviate any confusion about the appropriate use of the term “blindness”, its definition, prevalence, and incidence; as well as to differentiate between “blindness” as such and the prevention and remediation of lesser levels of vision loss that do not fit under this generic term. Blindness is a qualitative term that describes the clinical condition whereby individuals have no light perception as a result of total vision loss. Blindness also refers to those who have so little vision that they have to rely predominantly on other senses as vision substitution skills. On the other hand, visual impairment is a qualitative term used when the condition of vision loss is characterized by a loss of visual functions at the organ level, such as the loss of visual acuity or the loss of visual field. Whereas, vision loss is used as a general term that includes both blindness (total loss) and low vision (partial loss) diagnosed either on the basis of visual impairment or by a loss of functional vision

Arduino UNO:

The digital and analog input/output pins equipped in this board can be interfaced to various expansion boards and other circuits. Serial communication interface is a feature in this board, including USB which will be used to load the programs from computer.

Ultrasonic Sensor:

 
 


In this project we are using Ultrasonic ranging module HC-SR04 so that blind person can feel safe while walking on the road. If any objects arrived within a range of 2cm to 400cm then stick gives him a response by vibrating and also with a buzzer sound so he can aware of that object. We added pair of ultrasonic ranging modules so the stick can detect the lower objects small stones and higher objects too.

 

ultrasonic sensor is as below:

·         Send at least 10us of HIGH signal to trigger pin.

 

·         Detect the pulse width of echo signal sent back.

 

·         Apply some calculation to get the distance.

 

Vibrator:

 

Jumper Wires:

 

Jumper wires are used for making connections between items on your breadboard and your Arduino’s header pins. Use them to wire up all circuits.

Features:

·        Compatible with 2.54mm spacing pin headers

·        High quality and in good working condition

·        Durable and reusable

·        Easy to install and use

·        A popular choice for construction or repair

·        Be used for the electronic project and Genuine Arduino product

·        Flexible Breadboard Jumper Cable Wire allows you to plug and unplug easily for prototyping.

There are mainly three types male-male, female-female and male-female jumper wires

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