GPS is a built in navigation system, used to get location information for any person. In Delivery Van Tracking Using Mobile application, is an iOS application used to track a particular vehicle. This application will track the location of a delivery van and send the details to the admin. The admin will track the driver of the delivery van to conform his location and know if he has reached the place of delivery. In this application, the user needs to register for his login id and password. Using these credentials the application will allow the user to track the delivery van. The admin can access this tracking system for recoding the attendance of the drivers which will help to calculate the salary of the driver. The driver cannot forge any data in the tracking system as the admin can find out.
Abstract—In these modern days where people have scarcity of time, connecting with physical objects around us is a major requirement. Natural human tendency to automate everything and control everything from remote leads to the evolvement of IoT. What more a person ask for if the tea pot in his kitchen start brewing as soon as he gets up in morning? That’s where magic of IoT lies. It facilitates connectivity anytime, anywhere. It is bringing a huge change in people’s everyday life and at the same time for government and industry. It is creating an omnipresent environment where human being can interact with digital world. It is mobile, virtual and spontaneous connect which is making life smarter than ever before. This paper presents an overview of Internet of Things, brief architecture, its benefit and challenges and different case studies from various fields such as automobile industry, insurance industry, car manufacturing, healthcare and its impact on developing nation like India. This paper also proposes an idea of using IoT for smart city waste management.
INTRODUCTION
Digital space has witnessed major changes in the last few years, latest entrant being IoT. IoT is a complex interconnected system of engineering and Information Technology. The term IoT was first used by Kevin Ashton in a presentation during 1998.[3]. Since then IoT is spreading its fragrance everywhere in our daily life. Basically IoT is a new dimension added to Information Technology [16].We can think of IoT themes as connected store, connected car, connected home, industry 4.0, connected care etc.Internet of Things is actually connection of everything which includes people. Study [1] has shown that number of things connected to internet will exceed no .of people on earth. According to the analysis report by Cisco Internet Business Solution Group [7] total connected things will reach 50 billion in 2020. Main goal of IoT is to connect everything around us and enable seamless communication between them with very minimum human intervention. With the advent of cheaper broadband connectivity and smaller yet more powerful digital devices with a variety of on board sensors, device getting connected to each other is rapidly increasing and it has become a new trend. Main components [15] of IoT are sensors and physical objects. With the help of Wireless sensor Network and RFID, information are exchanged in this era of internet of things every device is uniquely identified and accessed to the network. IoT basically wants things to talk. As an example we can think of an ambulance can collect information about critical patient before reaching hospital thus helping in speeding up the diagnosis process and increasing the survival rate.
A. Sensors Connectivity Layer This bottom most layer is known as sensor layer. Here at the bottom level of this layer it has Barcode, RFID. At the top of this layer smart devices like sensors or actuators exists. Sensors use low power and low data connectivity. Top most layer provides us network connectivity such as LAN, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ZigBee etc. Sensors which do not need connectivity to a LAN gateway can be directly connected to internet through a WAN interface. Different types of networks are integrated in single IOT platform with the help of various protocol and technologies. It should be scalable also to handle variety of devices.
B. Gateway and Network Layer Mainly Micro controller, embedded OS, SIM module are the part of gateway. This layer is used to transfer sensors collected information to its next layer. Network domain of this layer consists of LAN, WAN, LTE, Wi-Fi and Ethernet. It supports massive volumes of IOT data generated by sensors and smart devices.
C. Management Service Layer This layer forces security. It provides access control, encryption, identify access. Management service can be categorized by three groups. a) OSS (operational support system b) BSS (billing support system) and c) service analytics platform which includes data mining, text mining, and predictive analysis. Data management is also an important part of this layer. It can be periodic and aperiodic. In periodic IoT sensor data require filtering. Aperiodic might require immediate delivery and response. Example of this can be patient condition emergency sensor data.
D. Application Layer This top most layer of IoT facilitates users to use various application. Application can be connected home, connected car, people tracking, retail, military, transportation, etc.
BENEFITS
Economic impact and benefits of IoT will be huge. The analysts at McKinsey & Company have identified six major benefits [17] that IoT can bring
• Tracking behavior for real-time marketing.
• Enhanced situational awareness.
• Sensor-driven decision analytics.
• Process optimization.
• Optimized resource consumption and Instantaneous control and response in complex autonomous systems.
CHALLENGES
This emerging IoT has tremendous usages as well as dangers also, as it connects with the physical world. Internet threat today steals credit cards. Who can tell that future internet will not ruin home security system and disrupt hospital? Different heterogeneous devices connecting to each other in unsupervised way giving birth of insecurity of internet operation. Two important issue/challenges of IoT can be low power and security function. For example some crucial services like healthcare, workplace safety which do not require human intervention are automated. Therefore security should be handled with utmost care. Critical risks might include prolonged downtime, physical harm to people, damage to equipment and so on. IoT devices are mostly complex, requires end to end security solution that span cloud and connectivity layers. Symantec has already given four cornerstones of IoT security. They are protecting communication, protecting devices, managing devices and understanding your system. Some of notable challenges of IoT are Security: As many numbers of sensors are connected, there should be proper authentication and access control mechanism to avoid intruders. Internet protocol security provides a proper secured connection but still there is some outstanding risk exist. Data integrity and at the same time being energy efficient is an important challenge. Power: Connecting devices requires continuous power for its operation. Power-aware routing, sleep scheduling algorithm helps to improve power management in network. Power routing algorithm determine the routing decisions based on most energy efficient routes. Sleep scheduling algorithm define how devices can sleep and remain energy efficient.
CONCLUSION
In this survey paper I tried to analyze the concepts of IoT considering its architecture, application and case studies from several crucial field of our daily life. IoT’s contribution to the society could be huge. IoT can boost the economy while improving citizen’s life in multiple ways unthinkable now.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my gratitude to Dr Rana Pratap Reddy N, Principal, Global Academy of Technology, Bengaluru for sharing his pearls of wisdom and encouraging us to take up new challenges in research and exploring new ideas in my field of study.