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Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine mifratech projects center
Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine mifratech projects center

Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separating Machine 

ABSTRACT

This work focused on the design and fabrication of a groundnut shelling and separating machine electrically powered by a 1hp motor. The machine has the capacity of shelling 5kg of groundnut per hour with a shelling and separating efficiencies of 95.25% and 91.67% respectively.

The machine was fabricated from locally sourced materials, which makes it cheap and easily affordable and also easy and cheaper to maintain.

It is also of light weight and comprises of the hopper, crushing chamber, separation chamber and the blower unit. During the process of testing, it was observed that majority of the groundnut pods that came out unshelled or partially shelled were the ones with one seed per pod and those with two small seeds in their pods.

 

INTRODUCTION

Groundnut is the sixth most important oilseed crop in the world. It contains 48-50% oil and 26-28% protein, and is a rich source of dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. It grows best on soils that are well drained, loosely textured and well supplied with calcium, potassium and phosphorous. Over 100 countries worldwide grow groundnut. Developing countries constitute 97% of the global area and 94% of the global production of this crop. The production of groundnut is concentrated in Asia and Africa (56% and 40% of the global area and 68% and 25% of the global production, respectively). Shelling is the removal of grains from their stalk, pod or cub, either by stripping, impact action and rubbing or any combination of these methods. The most popular method of shelling which is still widely used in the northern part of Nigeria is the method of crushing or pressing the pods between the thumb and the finger to break off the pods and release the seed. This method has low efficiency, it is time consuming, and has high demand of energy. In addition,the output per-man hour is as low as 1-2.5kg of groundnut.

 

There are different methods of shelling and different machines have been fabricated and used to shell wide variety of crops under different conditions .The peasant farmer cannot afford these machines because they are too costly and complex in operation and maintenance. Also the operator had to be trained and spare parts imported. 

TESTING

 

The various parts of the machine were assembled, after which the electric motor was mounted, the machine was then test run without groundnut poured into the hopper. This was done to study the behavior of the machine. Fig. 4 shows the electrically powered groundnut shelling and separating machine. Test was then carried out to evaluate the performance of machine based on its shelling efficiency, the time taken to shell a known weight of groundnut pods and the capacity of the machine. The shelling efficiency was assessed by taking four separate experimental samples of 100 groundnut seed poured into the hopper while the machine was running. After each group was passed through the machine, the output was analyzed by physically counting the shelled, unshelled, partially shelled, broken or shattered groundnut. The sum of the shelled and shattered groundnuts makes up the shelling efficiency  

 

During the test, to determine the capacity of the machine, it was observed that it took 54 seconds to shell 6kg of groundnut. It then means that in one minute, one can shell o total of 6.7kg of groundnut and in 1 hour, a total of 400kg of groundnut can be shelled. It was also observed that groundnut with one seed per pod were the ones that came out unshelled or partially shelled. Others that also came out unshelled or partially shelled were the ones that had two small seeds in their pods.

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