Abstract:- The Heart Rate Monitoring system is developed using IOT technology with an objective of detecting the heart beat of the patient in order to monitor the risk of heart attack and also the regular checkup. Body health monitoring is very important to us to make sure our health is in excellent condition. One of the vital parameter for this device under consideration is the heart rate (HR). In this project we describe the design of low cost heart rate monitoring device from fingertips based on the Bluetooth technology. The entire system is comprised of several parts such as Heart Rate module, Android application and Bluetooth module. The Heart Rate (HR) module picks up heart rate signal by a non- invasive technique (Photoplethysmography) from the subject (patients) and sends it (signal) wirelessly to computer or android application using Bluetooth module. This system can be embraced and combined as a part of telemedicine constituent. The data received from heart rate module can be saved and viewed for further medical usage. The result from this device prototype can be utilized for various clinical investigations, indeed these Bluetooths signal can be transmitted between 15 to 20 meters radius.
INTRODUCTION
The heart is one of the most important organs in the human body. It acts as a pump for circulating oxygen and blood throughout the body, thus keeping the functionality of the body intact. A heartbeat can be defined as a two-part pumping action of the heart which occurs for almost a second. It is produced due to the contraction of the heart. When blood collects in upper chambers, the SA(Sino Atrial) node sends out an electrical signal which in turn causes the atria to contract. This contraction then pushes the blood through tricuspid and the mitral valves; this phase of the pumping system is called diastole. The next phase begins when the ventricles are completely filled with blood. The electrical signals generating from SA node reach the ventricle and cause them to contract. In today's scenario, health problems related to heart are very common. Heart diseases are one of the most important causes of death among men and women. It claims approximately 1 million deaths every year. Heart rate is a critical parameter in the functioning of the heart. Therefore heart rate monitoring is crucial in the study of heart performance and thereby maintaining heart health.
This paper proposes a heart rate monitoring detection system using IoT. Nowadays treatment of most of the heart-related diseases requires continuous as well as long term monitoring. IoT is very useful in this aspect as it replaces the conventional monitoring systems with a more efficient scheme, by providing critical information regarding the condition of the patient accessible by the doctor. In addition, the nurses or the duty doctor available at the hospital can monitor the heart rate of the patient in the serial monitor through the real-time monitoring system.
METHODOLOGY
In this system we use the pulse sensor with Arduino Uno and Bluetooth HC-05 module, the pulse sensor is placed on the finger and it measures the heart rate and then sends the heart rate to android mobile application via
Bluetooth. Early recognition of the disease is very vital in preventing more complications in the future.
There is three cases in which the heart rate is displayed:
Low Pulse Rate: The low pulse rate is displayed when the heart rate per BPM(Beats per minute) is
>40 and <60. The low pulse rate may lead to medical complications this indicates that the patient needs the doctors help(ex: Low BP)
Normal Pulse Rate: The normal pulse rate ranges is between >60 and <100 which indicates that the patient has the normal range pulse rate with no complication.
High Pulse Rate: The high pulse rate is between
>100 and <150 which indicates the patient has the high pulse range that could result in the heart related diseases(ex: High Blood Pressure)
The above readings are displayed in the mobile based application known as Blynk via Bluetooth.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Arduino Uno
Pulse sensor
HC-05 Bluetooth
Jumper wires
Bread board
USB cable
Android Mobile device
ADRUINO UNO: Arduino UNO is micro-controller based on Atmega328, having 14 digital In/Out pins of which 6 are for PWM output, 6 are for analog input. Operates at 16 MHz, with a USB, Power jack, Reset button.
PULSE SENSOR: It is an Open Source heart rate monitor which considered as a PPG device used to monitor the non-invasive heart rate. It measures the real- time heart beats and calculates BPM with the aid of algorithms implemented by Arduino. The normal operating voltage is +5V or +3.3V and current consumption of 4mA. The sensor has two sides, one side consists of an LED with an ambient light sensor and the other side contains circuitry which amplifies the signals and filters the noise.
HC-05 BLUETOOTH: HC-05 is a serial port Protocol(SPP) designed for wireless serial connection setup. It was chosen for its ability to simplify the circuit design Send measured data to android application and due to its compatibility with the Arduino. In addition, it was chosen over HC-06 module because it has the ability to operate as both as master and slave modules rather than just a slave in the case of HC-06. TheHC-05 has six Pins, four of them are programmable input/output lines. While the three others, one is GND and the other is for VCC.
JUMPER WIRES: Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to be used to connect two points to each other withot soldering. Jumper wires are typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed.
BREAD BOARD: A breadboard is a solder less device for temporary prototype with electronics and test circuit designs. The breadboard has strips of the metal underneath the board and connect the holes on the top of the board.
USB cable: USB cable is used to connect computer to the Arduino UNO board.
ANDROID MOBILE DEVICE: Smartphone enables technologies such as built in Bluetooth, near field communication (NFC), radio frequency Tracking(RFID) etc.
CONCLUSION
An IoT-based human heartbeat rate monitoring and control system is developed. This system uses the capability of a heart pulse sensor for data acquisition. A humans heartbeat is captured as data signals and processed by the microcontroller. The processed data are transmitted to the IoT platform for further analytics and visualization. Experimental results obtained were found to be accurate as the system was able to sense and read the heartbeat rate of its user and transmits the sensed data via Bluetooth to the Android mobile app(Blynk) . From the results obtained, it was found that the heartbeat rate of low if >40 and <60, medium if >60 and <100, high if >100 and <150. Furthermore, this research paper presents an approach that is flexible, reliable, and confidential for a heartbeat rate monitoring and control system using sensor network and
IoT technology. The implemented device can be deployed to the medical field to assist the medical practitioners to efficiently and reliably do their work without difficulties.
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