Course Content

Aquaculture also called aqua-farming, breeding, raising, harvesting of fish, seaweed, algae and many other organisms. It is also defined as breeding species which develop in the aquatic environment under controlled conditions. Aquaculture is one of most reliable and low environment impact process producing high quality protein for humans. This process is more efficient than other forms of agriculture because of higher food convergence. Aquaculture has become famous all over the world. Asia contributes 40.1 percent of total world fish production, aquaculture production, which is 88.5 percent of world aquaculture production. In South Asia especially in the last 15 years, the performance of aquaculture is increasing more rapidly. Of the seven countries in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam, all but in terms of the volume of aquaculture, Cambodia with its productive inland fisheries rank among the top according to UNFAO 2007.

In Pakistan currently fisheries contribute only 0.4 per cent to the gross domestic product (GDP) and the sector almost 350 million$ of exports appears to be at standstill. As compare to other South Asian countries Pakistan is failing to realize its potential for example India contributes nearly 1.70 of the GDP, Bangladesh contributes nearly 3.69 percent of the GDP. Bangladesh fishes sector have spent 54 percent of all investments in fisheries sector in development of aquaculture. In Pakistan commercial aquaculture technology is lagging region compared to other areas such as agriculture.

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Farmer faces a lot of problems like water rescores, manual testing of water, sudden climate change, no government interest etc. Unlike daily monitoring of aquaculture behavior and health of thousand individual manually testing is very difficult. Some other problems like inappropriate management technique, water quality, improper record keeping, poor site selection. Traditional water quality monitoring cannot change the dynamic of aquaculture water quality monitoring and also achieved a fixed point monitoring.

The aqua farmer presently in Pakistan depend on manual testing for water parameters. This leads in increase the death rate of fish, decrease the growth rate of the fish, and one of major drawback is more time consumption. Fish pond operators face the challenge of constant monitoring of the water and water changing in such a way that quality is compromised. The model proposed in this work will assist the fish farmers in monitoring fish ponds using IoT. Integrating sensor and internet technology in combination with a user-friendly interaction interface smartphone application, desktop application, and web services to provide real-time monitoring of fish ponds; system database contributes significantly to reducing the risk of losses and improving efficiency. GSM modem is also used which reduces internet consumption.

Internet is the main issue while former in the field area. Internet is used when former open their Android application or web application otherwise GSM modem send the message when parameters crosses the threshold range. Proposed system using water filtration plant to improve the water quality. By using the proposed system, we will increase the productivity of the fish, reduce the cost, minimize loss and increase the survival of aquatic life. There are vast opportunities to improve the fish farming. Water quality is a key to success and also has direct impact on production of fish yield, among all farms of aquaculture for all species most important parameters are Temperature, PH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity. Water quality is an important factor for aquaculture and drinking water treatment plants and other related industries because polluted water not only claim losses of aquatic products but also face significant human health threats.

In this paper, we discuss multiple sections as a first step, introduction to the topic of aquaculture, what problems exist in this field, how to solve them, and the benefits. In which we discuss a range of works on aquaculture systems and what are the opportunity in this field, and which of these will be addressed in this work.